IEA Journal

U.S. Trade under the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in 2026: Current Exposure, Downstream Expansion, Competitiveness and Policy Responses

Alex Yang Liu; Ethan K. Marlow; Perston Hayes Terawatt Times Institute, Houston TX 77004 USA Intelligence, Energy and Abundance · Volume 1 (2026) Abstract The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) affects U.S. industrial trade through product eligibility, embedded-emissions accounting, default values, verification and prospective certificate